Antique Bottles. The glossary section strives to educate novices and experts alike in the strange terminology of the bottle digger and collector: If the words Boat Ink, Virol, Pontil, Sick, Bottoming and Blob Top mean little or nothing to you currently then you must explore this section of the site to appreciate what follows in subsequent sections. Applied Lip. As the name implies the bottle was first manufactured and before completely cooled, a lip was applied. The Codd bottle (centre) is the best example of this process.
Applied String Rim. A sure sign of a really old bottle, this one c. Highly unlikely that such lip finish will be found on bottles dug in South Africa unless from a really old dump! The String Rim was used to fix or tie the string which secured the cork. Aqua Glass. 95% of all bottles you may find manufactured prior to 1.
Blacking Bottles. Allthough common these are very attractive. Boot & Harness blacking and Stove Polish was sold in these containers for more than 1. The salt glazed bottle on the left shows a lovely orange- peel effect. On the far right is pictured a very rare Doulton Lambeth miniture free sample 7.
Digger answers your questions about antique and old bottles.Thousands of questions and answers about the common and rare bottle. Digger Odell Publications books about. Veronafiere and Vinitaly present the new innovative venture OperaWine, to stage a series of international events that aims to cultivate knowledge on the intrinsic.
Blob Top. One of the four most common methods of closure on antique ginger beer bottles. Boat Ink. A term given to ink bottles shaped (vaguely) like a boat. Note the indentations into which the old pens were placed. Boat inks occur in a wide range of colours from aqua (common) to cobalt extremely rare. Bottoming. A digging term indicating when one has reached the bottom of a hole, i. Pollen & Zoon Rotterdam. Codd registered a patent for a unique method of closure in a bottle using a glass ball and an .
Battle For The Bottles And The Bubbles Torrent
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Price Bristol Potteries)Ink. A catergory of collecting that probably contained the most diverse array of bottles both earthernware and glass.
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Ink was used in every Victorian household and packaged in literally thousands of different bottles. Among the most collectable and valuable bottles the items pictured here range from top left to bottom right from R 6 to R 7. YES, you are seeing correctly.. American auction)An upcoming section will be dedicated to inks which are named after their basic shapes i.
Most commonly found is the honey brown variety with smooth surface and only the word Lysol in cursive script however these bottles are found in virtually every colour even cobalt blue. Lysol is remembered by some older folk as being very similiar to Dettol and was even used for gargling and eyewash. Match Striker. Also known as match holders these highly collectable pieces will have their own section in due course. Primarily used as advertising wares in bars they employed a number of interesting methods to hold and allow striking of the old (non- safety) matches also known as Lucifers. The one pictured was used to advertise Abrahams & Co direct importers.
Kimberley. Note the roughened texture of the cup which would have allowed for easy striking. Milk Glass. A colour of glass seldom found and used primarily to contain creams and ointments. Tin or Zinc oxide was added to achieve this colouring. Mustard Pot. Used to store mustard which was a very popular condiment.
Mainly of French origin. Chambers & Son East London. Both bottles embossed Nuttall & Co / Makers / St Helens / 3. Ointment Pot. A term loosely given to any small cylindrical wide mouthed porcelain container. The pot on the left would have had a paper label. Ointment pots (including Holloway's) are very collectable and range from the plain and mundane to exotic and valuable.
Pontil Mark or Scar. The mark left on the base of a bottle after the removal of the method of holding the bottle during manufacture. A South African digger / collector has little chance of finding bottles with Pontil marks as these are all pre 1. Registration Mark. RD. 1. 42. 30. 1 - 2.
RD. 2. 48. 20. 1 - 3. RD. 3. 51. 20. 3 - 3. RD. 3. 85. 18. 1 - 4.
RD. 4. 24. 40. 1 - 4. RD. 4. 71. 86. 1 - 5. RD. 5. 18. 64. 1 - 5. Click to enlarge.
Salt Glazing. A surface glazing on stoneware obtained, not by dipped liquid glaze but by the chemical temperature action of vapours given off by wet coarse household salt being introduced into the kiln at the temperature height of the firing process. Advantage: It sealed porus substances with a relatively thin layer of glaze which did not hide or detract from intricate sprigs or bas- relief detail as well as leaving a rich orange / brown colour and pleasant texture. The beer jug on the left would have been slip- glazed at the top and bottom before salt glazing.
Salt- glazing occours on a number of wares. Codd bottles, the most famous of which are the Boksburg Mineral Waters, M & S Pretoria and Home & Colonial Johannesburg. Neck strenghtening by means of raised glass is also found on Ziman Bros and Binder Bros but not to be confused with the Shaws Patent as neither of these bottles bear the Patent No.
Sheared Lip. Slightly later than burst top, sheared lipped bottles made their appearance around 1. The earliest versions were simply burst top ground down with later models being flame melted to give a smooth finish. Sick. A term used to indicate the chemical reaction of heat, water, age, acids and weather on antique bottles. It is interesting to note that some forms of glass are more prone to sickness than others. In general, diggers, collectors and dealers prefer bottles in good condition. The bottles pictured would have been manufactured within a few years of each- other however they were dug in different locations indicating the effects of the elements upon them. Click to enlarge.
Sprigs. A sprig is a cast or moulded bas- relief of clay applied to the surface of a glazed container. Note the intricate detail of the sprigs on the delightful Doulton Lambeth mustard pot on the left. The sprig on the right, from a Doulton beer jug is unique in that it clearly shows a period bottle and leather drinking beaker. Click to enlarge. Tears. Also known as . It bears the potters mark Port Dundas Pottery Glasglow.
A massive ( 2. 23mm ) example is known. Click for other samples. Water Bottle Spout. Found mainly lying around on Boer War battle sites, these intriguing artifacts come in a variety of shapes, sizes and colours. They were used as the neck and cork recepticle on the canvas drinking- water sacks used by both sides. All of the spouts pictured were dug from the Kamfersdam dump at Kimberley.
Koch: The Brutal Battle That Tore Apart America's Most Powerful Family. During the contentious, hours- long meeting, the CEO went point by point through Bill's memo. He accused his brother of angling for his job or Varner's, and threatened to terminate Bill from the company, should he continue to cause unrest. Board members persuaded him to back down. But that fall, Charles dispatched emissaries to test the waters on whether Bill might consider selling his Koch shares.
He had quietly lined up a coalition among Koch's small circle of shareholders who agreed that the company's board should expand from seven to nine members and take a more active role in overseeing management. Most important, Bill had convinced Frederick to back his cause. Though partially disinherited by their father, a slight whose sting never went away, he still owned 1.
After their father's death, Charles had tried to buy him out of Koch Industries, and Bill alleged that Charles later resorted to more devious means—what he described as a homosexual blackmail attempt—to force his brother to sell his shares, a charge Charles has forcefully denied. He had ambitions as a collector of art and antiques, and as a patron of the theater. On the Tuesday before Thanksgiving in 1. Koch Industries' Wichita headquarters, Bill stepped into Charles' office. The brothers had scheduled a meeting to discuss liquidity, but Bill had other matters on his mind.
He and other stockholders wanted a special shareholders meeting to, among other things, discuss Bill's role in the company. Charles was stunned.
He walked out, leaving his shell- shocked brother to fume and fret. The prewar co- op, designed in the 1. J. E. R. Carpenter, was one of the jewels of Fifth Avenue. It had a striking gabled roof of red terra- cotta tile, and a roster of upper- crust tenants.
David, whose vice presidential campaign had concluded earlier that month with the Libertarian ticket garnering 1 percent of the popular vote, lived in a UN Plaza duplex overlooking the East River. It was perhaps a 1. Frederick, but the brothers tended to see each other only when their mother visited. Today, David arrived 4. He wanted to fill his brother in on the recent strife between Bill and Charles and sound him out before the other guests arrived. Bill's name was on it, and so was Frederick's. David phoned his oldest brother.
He's done a great job. I never want to have anything to do with you again.
The 7. 5- year- old oil tycoon (best known for his marriage, 1. Anna Nicole Smith) was fiercely loyal to Charles.
Marshall considered his decision to exchange his interest in Great Northern Oil for Koch stock . By Thanksgiving weekend, however, Marshall was shocked to learn that this was precisely what his elder son, Howard III, intended to do. Without Howard III's small, yet decisive, percentage of voting stock, the dissident shareholders would fall short of a majority. When Bill learned of Marshall's offer to his son, he offered to double it. A few agonizing days passed in Los Angeles, as Howard III pondered his next move—selling out to his dad or going against him. He had underestimated his father's reaction to the shareholder insurrection.
The prospect that his son might betray Charles had brought the old man to tears. Marshall looked frail as he laid out an $8 million cashier's check in front of his son. Family loyalty won out. Howard III rejected Bill's offer and relinquished his Koch shares to his father. The balance of power had abruptly shifted: Charles' faction controlled 5. With Bill's rebellion falling apart, he called off the special shareholders meeting.
But Koch's board did convene—to decide Bill's fate. His scheming had sparked a panic among Koch employees. In the boardroom, four men cast their vote, one by one, in favor of a motion to dismiss Bill. But David wasn't among them. Over the past year, David had been torn between loyalty to his twin and fealty to Charles. He was furious with Bill for throwing the company into turmoil. But voting in favor of his dismissal would mean not just excommunicating Bill from the company, but also severing him from his life.
He couldn't bring himself to do that, and in the end he didn't need to. The motion carried without him.
As Christmas 1. 98. Bill sent gifts to his niece and nephew, Elizabeth and Chase, who were then five and three. Charles sent them back. When Bill called his brother to wish him a merry Christmas, Charles refused to come to the phone.
Mary, as usual, had invited her sons to spend the holidays in Wichita, but Charles suggested that he and his family would not attend Christmas dinner if Bill and Frederick were there. Since childhood, when Fred and Mary Koch sent their tantrum- prone son to a psychologist to get over his intense resentment of Charles, Bill had periodically lapsed into depressions. But the six months after his firing from Koch were among his darkest. Cloistered in his Dover, Massachusetts, mansion, he spent his days plotting with his lawyers and vegetating in front of the television.
Growing angry that he had been lured into the visit under false pretenses, David finally forced the conversation back to Bill. He said, 'Well, that's a very positive sign because people with your brother's problems have to climb out of their depression on the backs of the people they love the most.'. I asked the doctor what I could do to help my brother and get him out of this terribly unhappy state that he was in, and he said, 'There is nothing that you can do. But Bill, Frederick, and the dissident shareholders (all extended family members) still controlled nearly half of the company. Like his father, Charles demanded loyalty from his business associates, and he couldn't pursue his plans for Koch Industries while looking over his shoulder for the next coup attempt. The company and the dissidents needed a divorce. And it would be a messy one.
All options were now on the table, including taking Koch Industries public. Koch hired Morgan Stanley and Lehman Brothers to conduct parallel valuations of the company. Both investment banks determined that Koch shares should fetch in the vicinity of $1. Bill (who stood to net about $3. To conduct his own analysis, Bill retained Goldman Sachs and the Boston- based consulting firm Bain & Company, where a young Mitt Romney was cutting his teeth. He also hired Arthur Liman, a high- profile litigator who later served as the chief counsel on the Senate's Iran- Contra investigation.
Bill realized that the threat of litigation might goose Koch to raise its offer, and bringing on Liman sent a clear signal. In October 1. 98. Bill finally unleashed a lawsuit against Koch Industries and his brothers. He alleged a laundry list of mismanagement, including Charles' lavishing of company funds on libertarian causes. Charles and David retaliated with a $4.
Bill and his supporters had used the media—especially an unflattering story in Fortune—to defame Charles by portraying him as . Ewing of the television show Dallas in devising ways to control his brothers and the family fortune. Desperate to rid itself of the suit and the problem shareholders, Koch Industries had substantially raised its bid, to $2. Hoping to restore family peace, Fred's cousin Marjorie Simmons Gray, who had been close to Mary Koch, urged that they settle.
Frederick chimed in that he had better things to do than get dragged into a long and nasty lawsuit. Eventually, Bill reluctantly agreed. Near midnight on June 4, 1. Charles and Bill in the large conference room of Liman's law firm.
Koch would buy out the group for $1. Bill would receive $4. Frederick $3. 30 million. Such was the price of peace at Koch Industries. Charles signed. Then he stood up from the conference table and smiled. They were relatively young men—Bill was 4.
Charles 4. 7—with many years ahead of them. Charles ignored the gesture.
He turned and strode briskly out of the conference room, trailed by his lawyers. Bill crumpled heavily into his chair and buried his face in his hands. The settlement had netted Bill nearly a half- billion dollars, yet he came to believe he'd been cheated. Two years later, he filed a lawsuit (later joined by Frederick) that would wend its way through the courts for a decade and a half, alleging that Charles and Koch Industries had obscured assets during the settlement talks and shortchanged the shareholders. He and Frederick would ultimately also drag their mother into court, naming her as a defendant in connection with a dispute over their father's charitable foundation. Her blood pressure had been spiking, and her doctor prescribed medication for hypertension. Bill's lawyer nevertheless subpoenaed Mary to testify in their suit over Fred Koch's foundation.
A tense courtroom scene played out in Wichita district court that April, as Mary's doctor took the stand to back David and Charles' position that their ailing mother should not be forced to testify. Albert Michelbach, testified.
The court proceedings, he added, had affected . But Mary's death, nearly two years after the stroke, did not lead to even a momentary thaw between her sons. At their mother's funeral, Bill tried to greet Charles, but Charles once again ignored his outstretched hand. After the funeral, the brothers held a wake at Mary's home. Needing a moment to himself to mourn, Mary's companion of several years, a local artist named Michael Oliver, descended a back staircase to the downstairs trophy room. He passed a pair of upright elephant tusks—from a bull Fred had bagged on safari—and the brass bell from a supertanker Charles had named for Mary.
As Oliver stood alone among polar bear pelts and the heads of water buffalo, dik- dik, and ibex, Bill entered the room carrying an armload of files and papers. Mary had put a provision in her will under which he and Frederick would be disinherited if they refused to drop their suit against Koch Industries—something Bill had no intention of doing.